E.M.F Equation of Transformers.

The voltage generated with a coil screw of Equation transformers Coil, Supply Frequency and relationships of the so mutual flux transformers E.M.F. equation.

Equation is - E = 4.44ƒNΦm Volts.

When,

E = coils generated voltage.

ƒ = Supply Frequency

N = number of screw coil.

Weber Flux of mutual Φm = coil units.

However, the AC voltage applied transformer primary Coil sinusoidal. The results mutual Flux, Ep secondary voltage generated primary coil. coils generates AC voltage Es sinusoidal.

Generates an average voltage

Eav = N × Φm ÷ t Volts.

When,

N = number of screw coils.

Weber flux of mutual Φm = coil units.

t = time in seconds flux change

There sinusoidal Φm AC,

If, Φm gero points   be up to the maximum for the second time when 1/4ƒ

ƒ = Supply Frequency.

Therefore, transformer coil

 Eav = N × Φm ÷ t Volts

Again, Eeƒƒ / Eave = 1.11

This equation is a simple equation, and both primary and secondary coil is applied.

 The

         Ep = 4.44ƒNp Φm Volts ..............

             Es = 4.44ƒNs Φm Volts ...............

When,

Np = number of primary coil screw.

Ns = secondary coil of the screw.

Transformers coil voltage value of the screw, and mutual flux Frequency depends on the supply.

For example of mathematics : -

 1. A 50Hz transformer primary voltage of the screw 300 and 5000, determining the tax –

a. Mutual flux Φm.

b. If the 230 V secondary voltage of the secondary screw.

Are,

ƒ = 50Hz has been invoked

Np = 5000 Qm =?

Ep = 2300 Volt Ns =?

Es = 230 Volt

A. Ep = 4.44 ƒNpΦ

Φ = Ep / 4.44ƒNp

   = 2300/4.44 × 50 × 5000

= 2.09 mweb. Ans.

B. Es = 4.44 ƒNsΦ

Ns = Es / 4.44ƒΦ

 = 230 / 4.44 × 50 × 2.09mweb

= 500 Ans.

2. 50KVA, 11KV/230V, 50c / s Transformer 5000 primary turn there. Cores transverse area of ​​85cm ² What is the maximum flux density?

Are,

Rating = 50KVA

Ep = 11KV = 11000 V

Es = 230 V

Acore = 85 Cm ² 

Ep = 4.44 ƒNpΦm

Φm = Ep / 4.44ƒNp

βm = Φm / Acore

 = Ep / 4.44 ƒNpAcore

= 11000 / 4.44 × 50 × 5000 × 85 web / cm ²

= 0.000117 web / cm ²

= 0.11 M web / cm ² Ans.

Electrical Ac Machine (part)-1: Working Principles and Construction of Transformer

A static electrical device or circuit that transformer circuit electric power transfer from the other. Frequency of supply remains unchanged in the move, but the amount of change in voltage and electrical outlets.

Both primary and secondary coil are connected to each other transformers area magnetic. That one circuit to another by electro- magnetic Induction circuit energy transfer occurs. Energy transfer occurs only in one circuit to another  transformers circuits, but does not convert to energy.

Generally, each connected by two  magnetic flux transformers mutual   Induction of work. transformer are reluctance with a low burr of the common magnetic circuit are electrically inductance circuit are isolated from each other.

Implicate a common magnetic coil has two people circuit mutual  inductance too. Which is a common transformer . AC voltage to a coil associated with the two coils coil one the AC current to flow. The AC current magnetic circuit flux makes  which is connected to both, and both coil, coils electrical voltage generated by the magnetic field. The first coil (supply attached) voltage resistance and current flow and the secondary coil voltage of the voltage source to a load of work.

If the DC supply is also a transformer, the transformer primary and the secondary coil is connected to two magnetic field are inductive  resistance coil with very little. If the DC supply only or supply transformer switch on and off transients voltage to be generated. Voltage will be generated at any other time. If the DC supply voltage will not damage the primary coil.

transformer categorize all talk?

Structurally transformer four types, namely: -

1. Core type transformer.

2. Shell type transformer

3. Ribbon type transformer.

4. Spiral core transformer.

Primary and secondary coil to the relations of the two types of transformer -

1. Conventional transformer.

2. Auto transformer.

Primary and secondary voltage ratio of the two types of transformer -

1. Step up transformer.

2. step down transformer.

Supply system of the two types -

. Single phase transformer.

. Three phase transformer.

Services or performance of the three types of transformer -

1. Power transformer.

2. Distribution transformer.

3. Instrument transformer.

transformer three types of installation -

. Indoor type transformer.

. Outdoor type transformer.

. Pole mounted transformer.

Frequency of working transformer two types -

. Audio frequency transformer.

. Radio frequency transformer.

transformer two types of instrument -

1. Current transformer.

2. Potential transformer.

Also useful are several types of special transformer -

1. Constant current transformer.

2. High leakage transformer.

3. Welding transformer.

4. Polarized transformer.

5. Teaser transformer.

 Transformer is a variety of names: -

Transformer and other instruments, including the large size of the power distribution Transformer 

Transformer All the basic elements -

1. The core 2.Coil or winding 3. Insulation .

With large transformers with fittings -

1 The transformer tank. Busing 3. conservator 4. Breather 5. tape changer 6. Explosion bend7. Terminal box.

Voltage Regulation And Efficiency of Short Transmission Line

Introduction:-Transmission lines and conductance  very short because it is ignored capacitance shunt. Other series have Regis and inductance  calculation line is treated as a major factor.

Send and receive short end of the line can be seen in the same amount of current flow. So here it is, is that the parameters R and L s no one here, stacked line (lumped) state.

Short length of the line performance test (performance test) in the voltage regulation and efficiency of transport was the most important.

Classification of overhead transmission line:

Transmission line three constant R, L and C lines along the entire length of the trance line     wide. R,L,C Series  impedance the other two lines in the shunt path (shunt path) formed. Calculation of the Transmission line effects capacitance so that is another complication. Based on the Transmission line is divided into three sections, namely: -

 1. Short length of the Transmission Line

 2. Medium or medium Transmission Line

 3. Long or Long Transmission Line.

Short Transmission Line:

When the line length of 50 km And line voltage between 20 Kv Below is a short line of the Transmission Line is considered. Short length of the line voltage is low because it was not responding capacitance. Short Transmission Line and inductance calculation resistance  only are taken into account. This line of constant (constant) s along the entire length of the uniform is not detailed here, but no one stacked (lumped) are considered.

Medium Transmission Line:

When the line length of 50 - 150 km. And the voltage of 20-100 kv bottom line is, when the line is considered as a Medium Transmission Line. The length of the line voltage is high because capacitance response. Along the entire length of the line expanded balance capacitance. capacitance line predominates, but for the benefit of one or more of the Calculation shunt condenser  middle points  as is.

Long Transmission Line:

When the line length of 150 km. The above and the line voltage > 100 kv, and then the line is considered as a Long Transmission Line. The names of one or more lines of constant throughout the line, but the point is not middle points as stance line split is considered and rigorous method is applied to solution .

Equation to calculation the voltage regulation of short overhead transmission line:

Transmission line is when the current flow, the drop in the transmission line cable reactance , resistance and end voltage Vr is less than the voltage Vs for the receiving end. Receiving end voltage Vr of the percentage of the amount of voltage drop (ie, Vs-Vr) is the voltage of the Regulation. Thus, Voltage regulation is defined as the percentage rise in receiving end voltage when full load is thrown off, the sending end voltage remaining the same.

% V R = Vs - Vr / Vr × 100

Solved Problem on Voltage regulation and efficiency of overhead short transmission line:-

1. Industry ones 3-Ø, 11 Kv 0.8 lagging power factor load line to receive the 1.2 MW.  2.5 Ω to 3.5 Ω reactance or resistance cable conductor and Voltage Regulation of Transmission of determining the percentage of tax.

Ans:-

3 - Ø line Vr (line) = 11kv

Vr / ph = 11000 / √ 3 = 6350.85v

Pr = 1.2 MW = 1.2 × 1000000W

Cosθr = 0.8 lagging

Θr = cos-¹ 0.8 = 36.86

R / ph = 2.5 Ω or XL / ph = 3.5Ω

Z / ph = 2.5 + j 3.5 = 4.3 <54.46

% Age Voltage regulation =?

Transmission affiance η =?

We know that,

Vr / ph reference vector

= 6350.85 <0 ̊ V

Ir = Pr / √ 3 Vr cos Ø

 = 1.2 × 1000000 / √ 3 × 1000 × 0.8

= 78.73 A

Ir = 78.73 <-36.86 ̊ A       w. r. t. Vr

 voltage drops(ph)

Ir Z / ph = 78.73 ˂ -36.86 ̊ × 4.3 ˂ 54.46 ̊

             = 338.53 ˂ 17.6 ̊ = 322.7 + j 102.36 V

Now,

Vs / ph = Vr / ph + Ir Z / ph

            = 6350.85 + 322.7 + j 102.36

            = 6673.55 + j 102.36

            = 6674.33 ˂ 0.87 ̊ V

Or

 Vs line = √ 3 × 6674.33 = 11560.28 V = 11.56 kV

% Age Voltage regulation = Vs - Vr / Vr × 100

                                         = 11.56 - 11/11 × 100

                                         = 5.09%

Line loss = 3I ² R

                = 3 × (78.73) ² × 2.5

                = 46488 W

                = Transmission line of sending power = receiving power + line loss

     Ps = Pr + 3I ² R

             = 1.2 × 1000000 × 46488 = 1.25 × 1000000 W

Transmission affiance η = Pr / Ps × 100

                                        = 1.2 × 1000000 / 1.25 × 1000000 × 100

                                         = 96.27% (Ans.)

Others Question & Answer: -

1. What a load of regulations is positive?

 Answer: - unity lagging power factor and load regulation are positive.

2. When negative voltage is Regulation?

Answer: - When the line is connected to capacitive load, the load p.f. Leading Edge is waiting to receive and transmit high voltage side can be found. The voltage regulation is negative.